Pulau Sangiang, Antara Surga Wisata dan Konflik Lahan Pesisir Banten

Abstract

Sangiang Island in the Sunda Strait is an area with high ecotourism potential, yet the agrarian conflict that has persisted since the entry of private investment in the late 1980s makes it a vivid example of the clash between development and local community rights. This study aims to analyze how land ownership and management conflicts emerged, their socio-economic and environmental impacts, and possible pathways toward resolution. The research applies a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on reports from the Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA), Project Multatuli’s investigation, policy documents, and academic studies, analyzed through content analysis to identify patterns of criminalization, marginalization, and the dominance of developmentalist paradigms. The findings reveal that the conflict on Sangiang Island stems from unclear land status, weak spatial governance, and limited community participation in development. These results emphasize that tourism development neglecting social justice produces vulnerabilities rather than prosperity. The strategic conclusion is the urgent need to shift toward development paradigms based on social justice, inclusive participation, and ecological sustainability so that Sangiang Island remains both a just living space and a sustainable tourism destination.